What Are Marlboro Filters Made Of

Cigarette Filters

What are cigarettes and filters made of?

Cigarettes are fabricated from four components, each of which is depict below.
1. Filters
2. Tobacco
3. Additives
four. Cigarette wrapper
Cigarettes today are typically 85 or 100 mm long, and accept diameters of about 8 mm. Their filters are unremarkably 20 to 30 mm long, then a typical cigarette has 55 to 80 mm of tobacco.

i. Filters:
Cigarette filters are specifically designed to absorb vapors and to accumulate particulate smoke components. Filters also prevent tobacco from entering a smoker's mouth and provide a mouthpiece that will not collapse every bit the cigarette is smoked. Filters generally accept the following components:

A "plug" of acetate cellulose filter tow
95% of cigarette filters are fabricated of cellulose acetate (a plastic), and the balance are fabricated from papers and rayon. The cellulose acetate tow fibers are thinner than sewing thread, white, and packed tightly together to create a filter; they can look similar cotton. Other materials have been tried and rejected in favor of the taste that acetate produces. Filters vary in filtration efficiency, depending on whether the cigarette is to be "low-cal" or regular.

How many fibers are in a cigarette filter? The post-obit is quoted from a research paper by researchers from the New York Country Department of Wellness, the Roswell Park Cancer Constitute, and Cornell University. Click here for full article. "Viewing the white confront of the cigarette filter with the naked eye and pinch of the filter column with the fingers would advise that the filter is made of a sponge-like material. Even so, opening the cigarette filter, by cutting it lengthwise with a razor, reveals that it consists of a fibrous mass. Spreading autonomously the matrix reveals some of the more than 12 000 white fibers. Microscopically, these fibers are Y shaped and comprise the delustrant titanium dioxide. The fibers are made of cellulose acetate, a synthetic plastic-like substance used normally for photographic films. A plasticiser, triacetin (glycerol triacetate), is applied to bond the fibers."

An inner newspaper wrapper (plug wrap) and glue
The newspaper used to wrap the acetate cellulose plug is impervious to air for regular cigarettes, or is ventilated and very porous in "lite" cigarettes, allowing more than air to enter the fume mix. A polyvinyl acetate emulsion is used as the mucilage to attach the plug to the wrapper, and to seam the wrapper.

An outer paper (tipping paper)
The tipping newspaper, frequently printed to look similar cork, covers the filter plug and attaches the filter to the column of tobacco. Tipping paper is formulated to non attach to the lips of smokers.

Other Filter components
The filters of some cigarettes, such as Parliament, also contain charcoal equally an additional filtration amanuensis. The "micronite filter" on Lorillard's' Kent brand cigarettes from 1952 to 1957 contained the deadliest form of asbestos - crocidolite. While advertisements at the time promoted the filter every bit making Kents healthier than other cigarettes, there are currently several lawsuits pending against Lorillard from families of smokers who died from a rare cancer caused primarily past crocidolite.

ii. Tobacco and Nicotine in Cigarettes:
Cultivated tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, is a member of the nightshade family unit of plants. It is a broadleaf native of tropical America that is cultivated every bit an almanac. Depending on the blazon of tobacco and its growing location, the leaves of the tobacco found have different tastes, burning properties, aromas, color, and nicotine content. Tobacco leaves comprise several alkaloids (see below), including the highly toxic alkaloid nicotine. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction in smokers according to the U.s. Department of Health and Human Services.

Nicotine is a powerful insecticide and among the deadliest of all institute products in its pure form. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, it raises claret pressure level, affects the central nervous arrangement, and constricts blood vessels in humans. Nicotine is a colorless liquid that is highly soluble in water, and is readily absorbed through the peel in its pure form.

three. Additives to tobacco:
Potentially hundreds of additives are mixed with tobacco during the manufacturing process. Additives to smoking tobacco include flavorings and humectants that are used to keep tobacco moist. According to a publication written for the tobacco industry, additives can constitute ten percent of the weight of the "tobacco" portion of a cigarette, and 4 per cent of the entire cigarette.

The complete list of 1,400 potential tobacco additives, which include sweeteners and flavors such cocoa, rum, licorice, saccharide, and fruit juices is considered a trade secret. Since tobacco is not classified as a food or drug, there are no legal maximums on agricultural chemicals or chemical additives cigarettes may incorporate.

A widely used cigarette additive is menthol with its power to provide season and to serve every bit an anesthetic. When burned, many additives form new compounds, possessing unique properties. For case, glycerol produces acrolein, a chemic which has been plant to interfere with the normal immigration of the lungs (Whelan, 1984)

"Tar" in cigarette filters:

The "tar" often referred to in connection with cigarettes is non a black petroleum tar product, but instead refers to the hundreds of substances and additives found in tobacco. Tar, when absurd, is a sticky yellowish-brown substance and the U.S. Department of Wellness and Human being Services states that it is equanimous of organic and inorganic chemicals, including some carcinogens. The U.Due south. Federal Merchandise Commission defines tar as "total particulate matter…less nicotine and water."

Contents of Cigarette Fume:
When smoked, the tobacco and additives in a cigarette undergo complex chemical processes to grade smoke that contains more 4000 chemicals, including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nicotine, ammonia, arsenic and vinyl chloride (U.South. Department of Health and Man Services, 1989). 40-three constituents of tobacco smoke are known carcinogens including nitrosamines, quinoline, benzpyrene, cadmium, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, and hydrogen sulfide (U.S. Department of Wellness and Homo Services, 1989, and other sources).

About Alkaloids:
According to The Curtailed Oxford Dictionary of Botany (editor: Michael Allaby, 1992), alkaloids are … "A group of basic, nitrogenous compounds of a complex nature. Alkaloids are derived from plants and have powerful pharmacological effects. More than 1000 alkaloids are known from 1200 plants species. Their part is uncertain merely in some species, they confer a degree of protection from insect attack. Pharmacologically powerful alkaloids derived from plants include cocaine, morphine, and strychnine."

iv. Cigarette Wrapper and Mucilage
By and large, the newspaper used to wrap the tobacco is made grade flax or linen fiber. Manufacturers add diverse chemicals to the paper, including salts, monoammonium phosphate and sodium and potassium citrates to advance or control the burning charge per unit. The burn rate has an important effect on the number of puffs that can be obtained by the smoker, and the smoke yield. A whitening paint—calcium carbonate—is added to the newspaper, partly to ensure the creation of an attractive ash as the cigarette burns (Browne, 1990). The wrappers' seams are glued with an adhesive that is a modified starch or natural gum (Browne, 1990).

Click here for newspaper articles about how communities are trying to reduce cigarette litter.

Read all about cigarette butt litter! Click here to read an article that was published in the Baronial 2000 outcome of the American Coastal Society journal, The Underwater Naturalist. This article, by CVW'due south Executive Director Kathleen M. Annals, includes groundwork data, such as the fact that 2.1 billion pounds of cigarette filters were discarded worldwide in 1998, along with results of her research showing that leached chemicals from cigarette filters are mortiferous to the water flea Daphnia magna, a small-scale crustacean at the lower terminate of, but important to the aquatic food chain.

Students and Teachers: Are you interested in doing a science fair project on cigarette litter? Click here for ideas and information.

Return to Cigarette Butt Litter Home Page

Return to Clean Virginia Waterways

Compiled past Clean Virginia Waterways, Longwood University, Farmville, VA 23909
434-395-2602 Fax: 434-395-2825 Email: cleanva@longwood.edu

What Are Marlboro Filters Made Of,

Source: http://www.longwood.edu/cleanva/cigbuttfilters.htm

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